A Closer Look At The Health Risks in Fit-Out

The construction fit-out sector is rapidly evolving, driven by technological advancements that boost efficiency, productivity, and health safety. Fit-out contractors, more dynamic and sustainability-focused than traditional construction companies, quickly adopt these technologies to streamline operations and enhance safety.

Principles of Prevention: The First Line of Defence

Prevention is always better than cure, and in the fit-out construction, this begins with a comprehensive understanding of potential hazards. The principles of prevention involve a robust process of eliminating risks wherever possible (Design risk management), substituting harmful processes with safer alternatives, and applying collective protective measures over personal protective equipment (PPE). The goal is to design out risks at the earliest stages of a project, thereby safeguarding workers from harm.

The Growing Focus on Occupational Health

Recent discussions with the HSE indicate a significant ramp-up in enforcement against main contractors and subcontractors who fail to implement suitable control measures for occupational health risks. For too long, occupational health has been secondary to safety. This is partly due to human nature, as safety issues are more immediately observable, while health issues can take years to manifest. The HSE’s increased scrutiny aims to change this paradigm, ensuring that health receives the same level of attention as safety.

Common Health Issues in Fit-Out Construction

Fit-out construction presents a variety of health risks, including:

• Noise Hazards: Prolonged exposure to high noise levels can lead to hearing loss and increased stress.
• Dust and Respiratory Risks: Construction dust can cause respiratory diseases like silicosis and asthma.
• Vibration Hazards: Frequent use of vibrating tools can result in hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS).
• Manual Handling: Improper handling of heavy materials can lead to musculoskeletal injuries.
• Hazardous Substances: Exposure to substances such as adhesives and asbestos can cause severe health issues.

Noise Hazards: More Than Just an On-Site Issue

Noise is an ever present hazard in construction, and fit-out projects are no exception. The regular use of power tools, machinery, and even manual tasks like hammering can lead to significant noise exposure. This exposure can cause hearing loss and increase stress levels among workers. However, noise isn’t confined to the site alone; it also poses a nuisance to neighbours and tenants who may be trying to work themselves. Effective noise control strategies, such as using quieter equipment, implementing noise barriers, and scheduling work during less sensitive hours, are essential to mitigate these risks.

Dust and Respiratory Risks: The Invisible Threat

Dust, a common byproduct of fit-out activities like sanding, cutting, and demolition, poses severe respiratory risks. Prolonged exposure to construction dust can lead to conditions such as silicosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and asthma. Using dust suppression techniques, such as wet cutting, local exhaust ventilation, and adequate respiratory protective equipment (RPE), can significantly reduce these hazards. The last line of defence, RPE, must be properly selected and maintained, with face fit testing being crucial to ensure effectiveness. However, face fit testing can pose challenges, and under COSHH regulations, employers must ensure legal compliance to protect their workers.

Vibration Hazards: Protecting Against HAVS

Hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) is a debilitating condition caused by prolonged use of vibrating tools. Fit-out construction workers frequently use drills, saws and other vibrating equipment, putting them at risk. To mitigate this, it’s crucial to limit the duration of tool use, provide anti-vibration gloves, and ensure that tools are well-maintained and designed to produce minimal vibration.

Manual Handling: The Broader Challenge

Manual handling injuries are prevalent in construction, and fit-out projects are no exception. A significant concern is the lifting and moving of heavy materials like plasterboard. Many contractors still engage in manual handling practices that pass the issue on to other subcontractors, to whom they owe a duty of care. Beyond plasterboard, the general handling of heavy and awkward materials requires mechanical aids, proper training in lifting techniques, and thorough risk assessments to minimise musculoskeletal injuries across the board.

COSHH and Asbestos: Managing Hazardous Substances

The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) regulations require the careful management of hazardous substances. In fit-out construction, this includes materials like adhesives, paints, and solvents, which can cause skin irritation, respiratory issues, and other health problems. Proper storage, handling procedures, and the use of appropriate PPE are vital to managing these risks.

Asbestos, though less common in new builds, remains a significant hazard in refurbishment projects. Asbestos exposure can lead to severe lung diseases, including mesothelioma. Identifying and managing asbestos-containing materials (ACMs) before commencing work is critical. Employing licensed asbestos removal contractors and adhering to strict control measures can prevent exposure.

Conclusion: Embracing a Culture of Safety

The fit-out construction sector must prioritise health and safety by adopting a proactive approach to hazard management. Through robust design risk management, adherence to the principles of prevention, and the implementation of effective control measures, we can protect workers and create safer work environments. As the HSE continues to spotlight occupational health, contractors are encouraged to embrace these practices and commit to continuous improvement in health and safety standards.

For more information and guidance, contact Havio today.